Vibrio vulnificus infection risk is particularly high in individuals with underlying liver disease.

• A. False
• B. Only in elderly
• C. True
• D. Only in children

Answer: (C)

Infections with Vibrio vulnificus are especially dangerous for people who have underlying liver disease because liver impairment often comes with iron overload and weakened immune defenses, creating a more favorable environment for the bacteria to grow and spread. Exposure to warm coastal waters or eating raw seafood (notably oysters) can lead to rapid bacteremia and septic shock in these patients, and the outcome can be severe or fatal. So the statement is true: liver disease markedly increases the risk of a serious Vibrio vulnificus infection. While age can influence risk in some cases, it is not the defining factor—liver disease is.