Which practice is essential as part of biosecurity to protect birds from avian influenza?

• A. Cleaning and disinfection
• B. Feeding contaminated water
• C. Vaccination only
• D. Importing birds

Answer: (C)

Protecting birds from avian influenza hinges on preventing introduction and spread through thorough sanitation and control of transmission pathways. Cleaning and disinfection remove or inactivate influenza viruses on housing, equipment, clothing, waterers, and other surfaces, cutting the chain of fomite transmission. Because the virus can survive on surfaces for a period, regular and effective cleaning and disinfection are foundational to any biosecurity program. Vaccination can reduce disease impact in some settings, but it should not be the sole defense. Vaccines may not cover all circulating strains, require correct timing and administration, and can complicate surveillance by affecting diagnostic testing. A comprehensive approach that includes cleaning and disinfection plus quarantine, restricted access, and protection from wild birds is essential. Relying only on vaccination leaves important gaps in protection.